自311日本核輻射泄漏事故後,輻射的問題只有增無減。當人們直接吸入或吃下含有輻射物質的食物和海產,便會導致身體接受長期低劑量的『體內』輻射曝照。這種情形的後遺症絕對不能輕看!因而,智慧使用輻射儀器是你和我都必須知道的。
環境輻射影響
Webbot預測真正發生「全球性海岸線事件」之後,當海浪沖上陸地,會延伸至200英里以內,很多土地全部都會被輻射污染。由於海產生長在海洋,牠們24小時不斷把海洋物質吸入身體。所以,如果牠們身處有輻射污染物的海洋,輻射必定會進入海產體內,而人類進食這些海產時,就極可能把輻射污染源也吸入體內。那麽,我們怎樣可以知道這些海產是否含有輻射?
我們可以買到一些輻射儀器來作測試。當量度海產是否含有輻射的時候,我們要留意環境的輻射指標。因為,一般買到的輻射儀器主要是用來量度環境輻射,而不是食物的輻射。而環境輻射的原則,就是你進食的任何東西,都不應高於環境輻射,尤其是海產。
使用輻射儀量度食物中的輻射污染
請留意只有使用實驗室的輻射儀,才可以百分百驗出所有不同類型的輻射物,例如:銫137,鍶90,碘131等。所以,即使使用專業的輻射儀,皆不是百分之一百可以驗出海產有輻射。
以下的影片,正介紹如何使用輻射儀量度食物所含的輻射量,及不同輻射儀為食物量度輻射的限制。 (重點片段:時間 0:23-5:10)
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So let’s say we have an apple that is contaminated with radioactive cesium I explained in the previous video that radioactive contamination is measured in a unit called becquerels.Becquerels are how many atoms radioactively decay each second and emit the radiation so if you have 40 becquerels per kilogram that means in one kilogram of apples, 40 atoms decay and you get 40 rays of radiation coming out of it.
舉例:我們有一個蘋果被放射性銫污染,我在之前的影片解釋過,放射性污染是用「貝可」作為測量單位的。貝可指每秒有多少放射性原子衰變,並釋放輻射,如果每公斤有40貝可,即每公斤蘋果,有40粒原子衰變,會有40條輻射線釋放出來。
Now, just for simplicity's sake, in this example. Let’s pretend that this apple weights a kilogram. That will be about 2.2 pounds. That’s a really big apple but let’s just for example.So if there are 40 becquerels of radioactive cesium in this apple, each second 40 atoms decay and release their radiation.
為求簡單易明,這個示例中,假設這個蘋果重一公斤,即大約2.2磅,真是一個很大的蘋果,只是舉例而已。假設這蘋果有40貝可放射性銫,每秒有40粒原子衰竭,並釋放輻射。
To help us visualize that I took an apple and I put 40 skewers in it.Now, radiation radiates out in all directions. These 40 rays of radiation, in the case of cesium, they will be beta particles Cesium also has Gama rays but we’ll just keep this simple and talk about the 40 beta particles.They will shoot out in all directions randomly and in most cases more or less uniformly, like, you can see here.
為了幫助我們聯想,我拿了一個蘋果,插了40支竹籤。輻射向四面八方散發,這40條輻射線,如果是銫,就是貝他粒子,銫也含伽馬射線。但為求簡單易明,會繼續講40粒貝他粒子。它們會隨意從不同方向射出,大致上會均勻地射出,就如你看到的一樣。
Now the difficulty in measuring food like this with your typical Geiger counter is the size of a Geiger-Müller tube so let’s say, I wanted to measure this apple and I held my Geiger counter down with the tube right next to the apple. Well, you can see that in this instant none of the radiation coming out of the apple hits the Geiger-Müller tube or if I have chosen to hold my Geiger counter over here once again, you can see that, none of the rays of radiation, none of these beta particles are striking the tube. Well, same as if I decided to hold it over here.
用典型蓋革計數器測量食品的難度,就在於蓋革彌勒計數管的大小。譬如,我想量度這個蘋果,我拿著蓋革計數器,把管子放在蘋果旁邊。可以看到,在這一刻,沒有任何由蘋果釋放出來的輻射線。打中蓋革彌勒計數管,或者如果我選擇把蓋革計數器拿到這邊。同樣,可看到沒有輻射線、貝他粒子打中管子,如果我把它拿到這邊,也是如此。
You can see that with a few dozen becquerels or even maybe a few hundred the radiation is sufficiently distributed and spread out such that the chance of its striking, a small detector, say, this is a detector in any given second is quite low. There is a myriad of places where I can hold the tube and it’s not going to get hit.Well, this pretty much translates into each minute.If you have an apple with 40 becquerels of radioactive cesium in it each minute, you may get 5, 10, maybe if you are lucky, 15 or 20 hits on your Geiger counter from this radiation.
你可以看到,有幾十貝可,甚至幾百,輻射充分佈並擴散出去。所以利用小型探測器,譬如這是探測器,在任何一秒打中的機會都是頗低的,有無數個可以放管子,但不會射中的地方。又可以轉換成每分鐘計算,如果你有含40貝可放射性銫的蘋果,每分鐘,可能被打中5下、10下,如果幸運,蓋革計數器可能被打中15或20下。
Now, there’s another factor here at work as well.Geiger counters are not 100% efficient. They’re not even 50% efficient. At least 50% or more of the radiation that strikes your Geiger-Müller tube travels straight on through it without hitting the gas inside creating a charge and registering.
但還有另外一個因素,蓋革計數器並非百分之百有效,它們效率甚至不達50%,至少50%或以上打中蓋革彌勒計數管的輻射,直接穿過管子,沒有觸及裡面的氣體,沒有產生電量及被記錄。
So if you are testing an apple and in one minute you get 15 strikes on your Geiger-Müller tube from the radiation coming from the apple. Well, other those 15 strikes you can realistically expect maybe five or six of them to be counted so five or six extra counts per minute.Kind of disappears in the background radiation. It’s extremely difficult to distinguish.
故此,如果你測試一個蘋果,一分鐘內,蓋革彌勒計數管被蘋果釋出的輻射打中15下。除了那15下外,你可以現實一點預計,大概要加5、6下,即每分鐘有5或6次額外計數。它有點在背景輻射中消失,這是極難分辨的。
使用輻射儀量度食物的輻射有兩個步驟
- 首先要用一段時間,例如至一至兩分鐘,在將要量度食物輻射的地方,例如在一張桌面上,量度環境輻射,當環境輻射的指標穩定下來,例如是20cpm 或0.1微希。
- 把要量度的食物,放在桌面上,再進行量度,如果,量度得到食物的指標高過之前所量度的環境輻射,表示食物已經受到輻射物污染,即是不可食用了。
作爲一般市民,我們難以進入實驗室使用專業的輻射儀作測試。因此,我們還是可以用市面上輻射儀,測試食物中的輻射含量。當量度到海產食品含有超過環境輻射的輻射量,就算高出的數值只是非常輕微,亦已經證明該批次的海產是受到輻射微粒的污染。 因為,當進食這些受污染的海產,體內就會不斷發出輻射粒子,長期破壞身體細胞,最終必產生癌症,或其他因細胞受破壞而形成的致命疾病。請保重身體,杜絕進食含輻射污染的食物!
相關連結︰
日核問題所隱瞞的事實
http://riverflowing09.blogspot.hk/2014/05/FukushimaDaiichinucleardisaster.html
輻射海浪.殃及美加西岸
http://riverflowing09.blogspot.tw/2014/10/radiationcanadaus.html
核洩災難
http://riverflowing09.blogspot.hk/2013/12/nuclear.leak.html
特稿︰311核輻射浩劫 未止息的核污水洩漏
http://riverflowing09.blogspot.hk/2013/11/radiationnuclear.html
日本核危機未了 輻射污染地下水
http://riverflowing09.blogspot.hk/2013/07/radioactivecontamination.html
日本政府早訂核災應對:東京末日是最壞假設
http://riverflowing09.blogspot.hk/2013/01/blog-post_3920.html
日本福島慘況
http://riverflowing09.blogspot.hk/2011/10/blog-post_08.html
311日本核子浩劫
http://riverflowing09.blogspot.hk/2011/06/311.html
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